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Check‑List of Examinations for Diabetes Mellitus

Fasting Blood Glucose
Measurement of blood glucose is a basic test for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus.

  • Normal range: 3.3–5.5 mmol/L
  • Elevated levels: may indicate the development of diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance
  • Preparation: blood is drawn in the morning after fasting for 8–12 hours
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Glycated hemoglobin reflects the average blood sugar level over the past 2–3 months.

  • Normal range: less than 5.7%
  • Target for people with diabetes: less than 7% (depending on the physician’s recommendations)
  • Significance: helps assess the quality of diabetes control and the risk of complications
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
This test is used to diagnose prediabetes and diabetes mellitus.

  • Procedure: glucose level is measured before and 2 hours after ingestion of a glucose solution
  • Normal range: less than 7.8 mmol/L at 2 hours
  • Abnormal results: values above 11.1 mmol/L indicate diabetes mellitus
Lipid Profile (Lipid Panel)
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, so it is important to monitor lipid levels.

Parameters:
  • Total cholesterol: less than 5.2 mmol/L
  • LDL cholesterol: less than 3.0 mmol/L
  • HDL cholesterol:· Men: above 1.0 mmol/L
  • Women: above 1.3 mmol/L
  • Triglycerides: less than 1.7 mmol/L
Recommendations: the test is performed after fasting; fatty foods should be avoided for 12 hours before the procedure
Urine Test for Microproteinuria (Microalbuminuria)
This test allows early detection of kidney damage — one of the frequent complications of diabetes.

  • Normal range: less than 30 mg/day
  • Elevated levels: may indicate diabetic nephropathy
  • Preparation: urine is collected in the morning; physical exertion should be avoided before the procedure
Creatinine and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)
These parameters assess kidney function.

Creatinine normal range:
  • Men: 62–115 µmol/L
  • Women: 53–97 µmol/L
eGFR: above 90 mL/min is considered normal

Important: a decrease in eGFR indicates impaired kidney function
C‑Peptide Test
C‑peptide helps assess pancreatic function and determine the type of diabetes.

  • Normal range: 0.5–2.0 ng/mL
  • Significance: Low levels suggest type 1 diabetes. High levels suggest type 2 diabetes
Additional Tests
Depending on the patient’s condition, the physician may order additional tests:

  • Complete blood count (CBC): to assess inflammatory processes
  • Insulin test: to evaluate pancreatic function
  • Blood electrolytes: potassium, sodium, calcium
  • Liver function tests: ALT, AST, bilirubin
The information on the website is for educational purposes only and does not replace an in‑person consultation with a specialist.
For diagnostic issues, please consult a physician.
iCheck™ Blood Glucose Meter
The device is intended for in vitro diagnostics (outside the body) and can be used by healthcare professionals as well as patients for self-monitoring.
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